Abstract—Impulse noise is one of the noise types that are normally corrupting digital images. In literature, impulse noises have been described in many ways. Therefore, the main aim of this manuscript is to survey a few impulse noise models that have been used by several researchers in digital image processing field. This will lead us to a better understanding on impulse noise models, and consequently will help the researchers to design more effective impulse noise reduction filters.

Index Terms—Digital image processing, fixed-valued impulse noise, impulse noise models, median filter, random-valued impulse noise, salt-and-pepper noise.

H. Ibrahim, K. C. Neo, S. H. Teoh, T. F. Ng, and D. C. J. Chieh are with the School of Electical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia (e-mail:haidi_ibrahim@ ieee.org, nkc99131@ student.usm.my,tships10_eee8@student.usm.my, tfng@eng.usm.my,ch_derekchan@eng.usm.my, nikf@kb.usm.my).
N. F. N. Hassan is with the Forensic Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia (e-mail: nikf@kb.usm.my).

Cite: Haidi Ibrahim, Kuo Chue Neo, Sin Hoong Teoh, Theam Foo Ng, Derek Chan Juinn Chieh, and Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan, "Impulse Noise Model and Its Variations," International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 647-650, 2012.